Fluid-distribution system



Nov. 23 1926. 1,607,877

E. F. DELRY FLUID DISTRIUTION SYSTEM Filed April 6, '1925 Patented Nov. 23, 1926.

U ETEDSTATES EUGENE FRANK DELRY, 0F NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.

FLUID-DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.

Application filed April 6,

rl"his invention relates to means tor reguating the distribution ot fluids in pipe systems, filters, drainage and irrigation channels, steam, and gas systems and like applications.

The principal obj ect of the invention is to provide means whereby the loss of energy between connecting;` branches ot a distribution system is reduced to a minimum, by making' the energy of distribution from a channel to the vone to which it is discharging substantially equal to the static head plus the velocity heal in the rst channel the point of distribution, by providing an iinpingeinent nozzle in the case of entering iluid and a discharge nozzle, in the direction of the velocity', in the case of disg'e (drainage system). in the case or' an entering' fluid Vthis mean-s .i equal distribution of energy to all branches' ted by a main channel, as inthe case of a iilter. i

'lhe invention consists in means whereby the velocity head (energy) is maintained in i ersecting` channels. lt also consists in several combinations and parts defined `e appended claims, particularly set d 'n 4the accompanying drawings. Y y e dra'fings, wherein like reference haracters i cato like parts throughout s a horizont-al section through itung' system ot a lilter, on the Figure 2, with nozzles extendnain supply channel.

vertical section of the same line of Fig. 1. i

is a sectionrthrough a filter disis a j systems, but it is vto .le invention is to be to drainage and irrigastenas, and is not to be limited by the cular embodiments herein disclosed for lne purpose or" illustrating, the practical applications thereof. ln thek drawings as the iinpingeinent nozzle is the most important part it is everywhere indicated as 1.

'e invention will first be described from tandnoint ot an entering distribution system as this is its most important func- Referring'to Figure 1. The uid eni in the ensuing description and illus-V vertical elevation of Fig` 1923. SielalANO. 630,413.

ters at 8 in the direction indicatedby the arrows, with a total energy equal to the static head' plus the velocity head at entrance.l New as the 'luid 'flows toward 4 it loses vej locity until at Ll it must come to a full stop hence has no more velocity, hence no velocity heat., in this direction. But as r(neglooting side friction in the passage) there has been no energy lost tollows that this velocity head has been transformed into static head at this point.

Now as fluid passing an opening,- at right angles to it gives a pressure equal to the totall head less the velocity head it follows, as shown by actual experiment that with right angle .openings the pressure causing flow into the last branch pipe where there: is-no velocity in the mai-n channel is much greater than that at the branch nearest the entrance by an amount equal to the velocity head, from` which it follows that ir" as the velocity progressively slows down and is converted into static head we could add the respective velocity heads to the static heads acting on their respective branches we would get at .each branch a total Venergy substantially equal to the sum oli the pressure and velocity heads at entra-.nce to the main channel hence equal distributing pressures causing flow ineach branch. This applies equally to thel distributors from the branches. with relation to the main branches. l propose to provide means whereby yadvantae'e can be taken or" this important point, a thingV which does not appear to have been up to the present done and l accomplish it by a very simple device.

It is well known that in the Pitot impact tube advantage is taken ot' the fact that the tube bentand pointed upstream (the impact tube) registers the sum of the velocity and pressure heads, whereas the tube at right angles to the direction ot llow (the pressure tube) measures the pressure and the difference is equal to the head due to velocity.

I propose to place on each branch line i lil It will be noted that though the details vary, in all systems shown the important feature is the entrance impact nozzle to the branch channels or pipes.

In Figure l, an impact nozzle made as a bent tube protruding in the passage 3-l is shown, but it is immaterial so far as this invention is concerned, whether' it projects into the passage 3 4 or not. The particular shape of the nozzle has often been proven as of no consequence by experimenter-s on the Pitot tube, but as the particular shape of the nozzle is not the main point of this invention, these are shown merely in order to indicate some arrangements, which are possible.

lt is here desired to call attention to the construction of the branch channels 2 shown in the filter layouts of Figures 1 and 2. In these the impact'nozzles l are formed by merely shearing a lip into the part 2 where a nozzle l is wanted. The construction is simply but clearly shown in Figures l, 2, 3, and 4L. `Nozzle 1 in Figure l, is set within the passage 3-4 and caullred in 6, at 8.

The method of operation is as follows: The fluid enters at 8 flowing toward 4, impinges on the mouths of the several branches 2, then on the subsidiary nozzles l within the branches 2 passing thence to the chambers 5, with substantially no velocity head loss. In the case of a drainage system the process would be reversed.

l do not claim that the impact tube is new, but I do claim that its use to maintain the total energy of the fluid in a distributing system is new and useful and has never herctofore been put to service hence I claim:

l. In wash-water systems for filters and the like, a main channel of substantially uniform cross section discharging through impact nozzles to branch passages of substantially uniform cross section, provided with lip-like impact nozzles inwardly depressed in the walls of the branch passage and registering with the filter bed.

2. The combination with a conduit for fluid, of an expansion chamber into which the fluid discharges, the conduit being of substantially uniform cross sect-ion throughout and closed at one end, of a. plurality of nozzles depressed in the walls of the conduit, the opening of the nozzles facing toward the open end of the conduit.

3. The combination with a conduit for fluid, of an expansion chamber, the conduit being closed at one en'd, of a plurality of nozzles inwardly depressed in the walls of the conduit, the opening of nozzles facing toward the open end of the conduit and registering between the conduit and the expansion chamber.

l. A fluid conduit in combination with an expansion chamber, the conduit being of substantially uniform cross section, and closed at one end, a plurality of nozzles inwardly depressed in the walls of the conduit, the openings of the nozzles facing the open end of the conduit, and dischargingV into the expansionchamber.

5. A fluid conduit in combination with an expansion chamber, the conduit being closed at one end, and adapted to register with the expansion chamber through a plurality of uniformly sized and spaced nozzles ldepressed in the walls of the conduit, the openingof the nozzles facing toward the open end of the conduit.

6. A fluid conduit closed at one enthan expansion chamber in combination therewith, nozzles in series depressed in the walls of the conduit, the openings of the nozzles facing toward the open end of the conduit.

EUGENE FRANK DELRY. 

